摘要      

現代社會是ㄧ個充滿「變」的時代。托福樂 (Alvin Toffler) 在「未來的震盪」一書中，勾畫出未來的本質，這種快速且無所不及的改變，我們無一能倖免。在「第三波」一書中，他更進一步提到科技發展，將改變人類生活的方式，使人面對更多得不確定性，「虛擬」更成為生活中無可避免的「真實」。類似的改變具有引發壓力反應的潛在可能。科技的發展帶給人類物質生活上的便利，卻未給人們的心靈帶來平靜與幸福；為了在這個快速變遷的社會中生存，我們需要得到更高的智慧，淬煉我們的心力，以便可以有效的進行壓力調適，重新獲得快樂、喜悅的生命。本文試著比對心理學及習慣領域學說對壓力的看法，從兩者的比較中找到關聯性，並藉由「壓力調適與習慣領域」通識課程設計與教授，來印證習慣領域學說能夠幫助人們進行壓力調適，獲得心理健康的生活。 

關鍵字：習慣領域、壓力調適、通識教育  

Stress Management and Habitual Domains

Ching-Feng Wang

Abstract     

Modern society is a time full of changes. Alvin Toffler in his “Future Shock” sketches the nature of future. No one can escape from these fast and allover changes. Further, in “The Third Wave”, he mentions that technology will change people’s way of living and will make people face more uncertainty. “Virtuality” is unavoidable reality in life. Changes as such have the potential of evoking stress. The development of technology gives people convenience in the material world, but it does not bring peace and bliss for us.      To survive in this fast changing society, we require higher intelligence and polish our mind in order to have efficient stress management and to regain a happy and cheerful life. This paper aims to compare the viewpoints of stress in Psychology and in Habitual Domains and find their connections. Also, that Habitual Domain hypotheses can help people manage stress and be healthy in psychology will be confirmed by designing and teaching the general course ‘Stress Management and Habitual Domain’. 

Keywords: Habitual Domains, Stress Management, General education

摘要      

本研究主要探討習慣領域 (Habitual Domains，簡稱HD) 融入在國立台東大學的通識教育之「創造力教育」課程的可行性與教學成效，並進一步探討融入習慣領域的創造力教育課程對大學生的創造力的影響與改變情形。本研究係採行動研究法進行，並以九十六學年度上學期大二共選和大三共選的通識課程之選修課－創造力教育為實施此行動研究的目標課程，研究對象為所有選修此課程的大二及大三學生，研究資料的蒐集以質性研究方法為主，本研究採用焦點團體訪談法與深度訪談法蒐集學生的研究資料，並輔以文件分析法等，希望透過多元研究資料的三角檢核法，能理出融入習慣領域於創造力教育課程的課程脈絡，並找出在通識教育中的創造力教育課程融入習慣領域的有效教學方法與策略。 關鍵字：創造力教育，習慣領域，行動研究  

The Action Research on integrating the Habitual Domains and the Creative Education Curriculum of General Education

Wei-Chun Li

Abstract     

The purpose of this study was to integrate the Habitual Domains (HD) and the creative education of general education and then discuss the instructional effect and feasibility. To further explore the impact and changes to those college students on integrating creative education and HD. This study used the action research method and chosen the target college students who take the first semester of school year 96 course of creative education in general education. The research data collecting based on qualitative research method, including the focus group interview, in-depth interview and documents analysis method. To further find out the effective instructional methods and strategies in the general education of creative education integrating HD.

摘要      

被譽為「當代最偉大的服裝創造家」三宅一生(Issey Miyake)，以「Pleats Please」聞名於全球時尚舞台。三宅一生的設計風格「簡單」、「創新」、「實用」，他跳脫時下的流行走向，重新找尋服裝生命力的源頭，創作焦點集中於人體本身，讓穿衣變成一種有趣、且富詩意的幽默行為，他的作品「看似無形」卻「疏」而不散，藉由玄奧東方文化的抒發，賦與作品神奇的魅力。本文採用個案研究法，蒐集歸納三宅一生的相關文獻資料，再以習慣領域理論架構解析，從而瞭解其豐富之習慣領域。由本研究得知，影響三宅一生的人生哲學以及造就他成功的「核心電網信念」為：「無價之寶」、「萬事助長」與「全力知行」。而影響三宅一生創意靈感的因素可分為：內在因素與外在因素兩大類，其中內在因素的影響大於外在因素。三宅一生深諳「低深、空無」原理，藉由「靜坐」幻化出以「形」傳「神」，創造出民族文化與時尚潮流完美融合的典範。他引領時尚與時代脈動結合的獨創性設計，遠遠超出「時代」與「時裝」的界線。三宅一生充分善用習慣領域的腦、心運作構想、人類行為的通性，積極擴展自己的習慣領域，成為一位值得後輩學習的時尚哲學大師。 

關鍵字： 設計靈感、習慣領域、三宅一生、時尚  

Factors Influencing Fashion Designer’s Creativity and Inspiration – Case Analysis of the Habitual Domains of Issey Miyake

Tsui-Yuan Chang, J. Y. Shiau

Abstract      

Issey Miyake is one of the most innovative fashion designers, today. His “Pleats Please” clothing line is well known in the fashion world. The Miyake’s design style is an exhibit of simplicity, creativity, and practicality. He escaped from following the fashion trend and re-searched for the origin of clothing’s vitality. Through his explorations of the relationship between the body and its coverings, dressing becomes a fun, poetic, and humorous behavior. Issey Miyake’s works seem intangible, but sparse and not dispersed. It is this mysterious oriental culture’s expression that gives the magical charm of his works. This study uses a case study method, gathers references, and applies the theory of Habitual Domains to analyze the rich habitual thinking of Issey Miyake. This research identifies that core empowering operators for Issey Miyake’s design philosophy and success are treating everyone as a priceless living entity; understanding there are reasons for everything that occurs; and having the enthusiasm and confidence to accomplish mission.       The source of his inspiration and creativity was influenced mostly by internal factors and least by external factors. Issey Miyake understood that deep down and voids principle. Utilizing the meditation to illustrate vivid forms of image, he developed the perfect example of the integration of culture and fashion. The unique and creative design led by him is far beyond the boundary of “time” and “fashion”. He was able to take full advantage of habitual domains to nurture mind and body, and to enrich human behavior. He thus became a charismatic mater of fashion design and philosophy, that is worthy for younger generation to follow. 

Keywords: Inspiration of design, Habitual domains,Issey Miyake, Fashion

摘要      

戲劇往往表現各種不同的人生思維，透過作品的解讀，可以獲致超越時代，屬於永恆的人性掙扎，與信念的追索。「人生如戲，戲如人生」，戲劇取材自人生，特別是經典的戲劇具有洞察人性的普遍性。偉大的劇作家擁有敏銳的感受力與觀察力，透過作品，表達作者內在的精神世界，傳遞偉大的生命經驗。因此，偉大的作品都有非常深廣的洞察，超出一般人的習慣領域，對讀者帶來深刻的生命感動，讀者的生命深度、廣度、厚度，因而得以拓展，更能理解人生的處境、瞭解宇宙萬物的精微奧妙，得以突破常人的習慣領域。本文將以哈姆雷特為例，分析王子的困境與內在心理掙扎，呈現哈姆雷特內心的豐富性、深邃性和神秘性。並嘗試從習慣領域的角度，解析其思惟與行為，以說明為何經典作品可以萬古常新。讀者與偉大的經典相遇，人的潛在領域被開拓，往更細膩、更寬廣、更深邃的境地邁進，自我舊的習慣領域被突破，在與偉大心靈交會的同時，如同找到生命的纜繩，讓自己也可以接近生命的偉大，也逐步邁向理想的習慣領域。 

關鍵字: 經典閱讀、哈姆雷特、習慣領域、戲劇  

Reading Classic and the Expansion of Habitual Domain
– take Hamlet as an example

Mei-Ling Huang

Abstract     

Dramas always perform various thoughts of human life. Through interpretation of works, people can realize permanent struggles of humanity as well as the pursuit of faith. It goes that “Life is like a dram, as drama like life.” Dramas obtain materials from human life, especially those classical ones which have insight into the universality of humanity. Great dramatists have keen feeling and observation. They express their inherent spirit and their great living experiences through their works. Therefore, all great works have wide and deep perspicacity which is beyond general people’s habitual domain. This makes readers profoundly moved toward life, and expands the depth and width of readers’ life. Thus readers comprehend more about the situation of life and the secret of all things on earth, so they can break through the normal habitual domain.      This essay takes Hamlet as an example, representing the abundance, depth and mysteries in Hamlet’s heart by analyzing his dilemmas and mental struggles. Still, this essay also analyzes the prince’s thoughts and behaviors through the aspect of habitual domain to interpret the reason why classic can be permanently new.      Meeting with great classic, readers’ potential domain is expanded toward a situation which is wider, deeper and minuter, and at the same time they can break through their own old habitual domain. While people meet with great minds, they can approach the greatness of life and gradually advance themselves on ideal habitual domain. 

Key words: Reading classic, Hamlet, Habitual Domain, Drama

摘要    

「虛心學習可升高、事物聯想觀參數、改變環境激腦力、以退為進靜祈禱」，隨著習慣領域的推廣，尋求改變人類行為愈來愈被重視，尤其是在擴展習慣領域方法上。本研究旨在分析個人不同認知風格在擴展習慣領域方法的先後順序及分析其重要-表現程度，藉由觀察不同認知風格學生在擴展習慣領域方法的影響，進而更有效地引導學生擴展其習慣領域行為之成長。       透過單因子變異數分析發現，不同認知風格的學生，不管對其已具備或是在期望具備習慣領域方法上皆沒有顯著差異存在。研究結果顯示在已具備與期望具備習慣領域方法上，直覺型﹙I﹚策略傾向的學生，以「腦力的激盪」、「虛心學習」為最優先；感覺型﹙F﹚策略傾向的學生以「虛心學習」為最優先；感知型﹙S﹚策略傾向與思考型﹙T﹚策略傾向的學生皆以「事物的聯想」為最優先。而四種不同認知風格類型的學生皆以「靜坐禱告」為最殿後。       透過重要－表現程度I.P.A.之分析發現，四種不同認知風格類型的學生都表示自己已具備並且希望繼續保持擁的習慣領域項目，前三項分別為(1)虛心學習、(3)事物的聯想、(7)以退為進。在加強改善重點項目方面，直覺型﹙I﹚策略傾向與思考型﹙T﹚策略傾向的學生期待自己加強改善(5)改變環境的方法；感知型﹙S﹚策略傾向與感覺型﹙F﹚策略傾向的學生則傾向加強改善(2)升高察思、(6)腦力的激盪的方法。 

關鍵詞：認知風格、習慣領域、重要－表現程度分析  

The Study of Expanding the Habitual Domains about
Different Cognitive Styles’ Students on Institute of Technology

Chao-Jen Cheng, Jing-Ying Lin

Abstract     

For expanding your habitual domain, there are eight methods that “Learning Actively”, “Taking a Higher Position”, “Active Association”, “Changing Parameters”, “Changing the Environment”, “Brainstorming”, “Retreat”, “Prayer Meditation”. To seek a change in human behavior could be more and more attentive with the promotion of habitual domains, especially in the methods of expansion of the habitual domains. This study will get expanding methods of the habitual domains in sequences about different cognitive strategy and discuss the important – the performance of degree by I.P.A. analysis.      One-way ANOVA analysis indicates that the students with different cognitive strategy exhibit no significant differences, regardless of they had or expect to have expanding the habitual domains methods. The results showed that Intuitive strategy (I) students, ” Brainstorming “, ” Learning Actively ” as the top priority. Sensing strategy (S) students, ” Active Association ” as the top priority. Thinking strategy (T) students, ” Active Association ” as the top priority. Feeling strategy (F) students, ” Learning Actively ” as the top priority. Besides all students, ” Prayer Meditation ” as the rear on the expanding the habitual domains methods of had or expect to have.       I.P.A. analysis indicates that Keep Up the Good Work items is “Learning Actively”, “Active Association”, “Retreat” for all students. Concentrate Here items is “Changing the Environment” for Intuitive strategy (I) and Thinking strategy (T) students, and “Taking a Higher Position”, “Brainstorming” for Sensing strategy (S) and Feeling strategy(F) students. 

Key words: cognitive style, habitual domains, I.P.A. analysis

摘要      

有關力量的控制與研究，多著重於施力輸出的快慢或變化率 (rate of force)與變異性(variability)，此二者彼此存在高度的相關性。基於速度與準度不共存 (speed-accuracy trade-off) 之原則，在快速的力量輸出下，無形中造成變異性之急遽增加，此論點在動作控制文獻中已有具體地證實，藉由力量變化率發展之遞增模式中，已得出變異性為生物系統得以解釋有關自由度 (degree-of-freedom) 的關鍵因素，也就是生物系統在動作執行過程中，所能控制之自由度小於空間自由度之結果；本文透過以「習慣領域理論」 (Habitual Domains Theory) 之角度，證明人類行為經由反覆練習的習慣化，得以降低行為之變異性，減少行為之偏差，提高技能之穩定性。       本研究方法針對29名北部某大學生進行手指等長收縮之力量控制分析，受試者以右手食指對不同力量、不同變化率及不同收縮時間進行各40次之等長收縮，以力量輸出誤差之變異性為依變項，資料分析以單因子變異數分析，就施力時期 (上升、穩定、下降)、力量大小 (25%及50%) 與習慣化階段 (學習前、學習後) 進行統計分析。結果發現在施力過程有關的三個動作變數上均呈顯著效應，分別為時期 F(2,56)= 169.69，P<.000，力量 F(1,28)= 206.78，P<.000，與習慣化 F(1,28)= 97.04，P<.000。力量誤差在上升期與下降期均較穩定期來得高，三者呈一U字關係，表示力量變化過程中之控制難度較穩定力量輸出為大，但上升期與下降期力量誤差之關係並未達顯著效應。針對平均曲線之變異性上明顯發現，經過四週，每週三次的反覆練習後，施力曲線之變異性已具體下降，自施力開始直到結束，學習後之變異性均低於學習前，由本研究結論得知力量變異性隨不同施力時期而有所不同，動作習慣化對於力量控制在增加、維持與遞減上均有顯著的幫助。 

關鍵詞：手指、力量變化率、習慣化、力量變異性、動作學習  

Movement Habituation Associated with Force Variability During Finger Isometric Contraction

Huai-Hsiao Chiang

Abstract      

Most motor control studies emphasized force production on two different aspects: 1. how fast was force produced or rate of force development, or 2. variability of force. According to speed-accuracy trade-off theory, high variability was observed during rapid force output and numerous studies had carried out in the literatures of motor control. During the decrement of force, variability associated with habitual domains were used to elaborate the bio-system in terms of degree of freedom. As a result, the variability of human behaviors were suggested to change as a function of habituation via repetitive practice to reduce errors and to enhance the stability of skill.       This study analyzed force variability of finger isometric force production of 29 college students. Subjects were asked to produce different levels of force, rates of force development and contraction times. 40 trials were performed in each block of task. The dependent variable was the variability of force trace, the absolute mean error of force trace. Three independent variables were different significantly, timing F(2,56)= 169.69，P<.000，force (1,28)= 206.78，P<.000，and habituation F(1,28)= 97.04，P<.001. Force error reveled higher on both ramp and decrement of force than that of static phase. A U-shape relationship was found in three force phases. The control of force revealed less variability when force remained constantly. After practicing three times a week for four weeks, the variability of force traces reduced as a function of movement habituation. To conclude, force variability was associated with the phases of force production and the consistency of finger force control improved after movement habituation. 

Keywords: finger, rate of force development, movement habituation, force variability, motor learning.

摘要      

從無到有的原創研究，設計一份衡量習慣領域光明心態七大信念之量表，透過大學生試查填寫量表樣本資料，利用因素分析建構之主要成份因素，進行內部一致性分析。在相對一致的基礎下，萃取七大信念六十二信念變項各信念之主要構成因素，繼而形成具一致性為五十二信念變項所構成的十三個因素。進一步再透過十三個因素分數的計算及其交叉相關係數的計算與檢定，七大信念十三個因素間具顯著的中或弱相關，證明光明心態為一完整的整體概念且各信念具獨立性。本研究已完成光明心態七大信念，內含五十二信念變項所構成的十三個因素之量表，可作為後續相關研究分析之基礎。 

關鍵詞：習慣領域、光明心態量表、因素分析  

An Exploratory Quantitative Study of Seven Self-Perpetuating Operators in Habitual Domains

Dyi-Shyan Gau, Rue-Fa Lin, Zong-Li Wei

Abstract     

This study aimed to formulate a preliminary version 62 items of questionnaire for seven self-perpetuating operators (7SPOs) in habitual domains. There were 251 undergraduate students sampled from Feng Chia University used for this purpose. Six   factors out of these items were extracted and confirmed with principal component and rotated by Varimax method for construct validity. The intermediate constructed 13 factors of 7SPOs are constructed from extracted 52 items had successfully passed the Cronbachαfor internal consistency reliability and factor correlation tests. 

Keywords: Habitual Domain, Self-Perpetuating Operators Scale, Factor Analysis

摘要      

企業要有競爭力，須能比對手更快、更有效地看到並解除目標族群的痛苦與煩惱，以創造企業價值。為取得永續發展，維持競爭力，企業必須思考如何運用IT、科技及管理以提昇其創新能力、競爭能力與企業價值。由習慣領域角度觀之，「企業創新」乃企業經過目標建立，情況評估，了解顧客需求並提出最適的產品或服務，為企業與顧客創造價值的一個動態循環。透過創新，企業才能比對手更快、更有效地解除目標族群的痛苦與煩惱，也才具有競爭力。       本文以「習慣領域理論」(Habitual Domains Theory) 與「能力集合分析」(Competence Set Analysis) 為基礎，由「透視目標族群潛在領域 (potential domains) 的壓力結構，解除其潛在領域中的煩惱與痛苦」角度，提出「創新動態學」 (Innovation Dynamics) 此一動態循環架構，探討研究企業如何深入潛在領域，有效獲取、轉化其能力集合，滿足顧客需求，並且創造價值。文中並以知名企業為例進行個案分析，期望透過個案分析方式幫助企業了解如何落實創新與創造價值，以提升企業競爭力。 

關鍵字：創新、習慣領域、潛在領域、壓力結構、能力集合、創新動態學  

New Thoughts for Upgrading Corporate Competitiveness – Innovation Dynamics

Yen-Chu Chen, Po-Lung Yu

Abstract      

In order to have competitive advantage, corporations need to effectively identify targeted customers and relieve their pains and frustrations by providing better and faster products and services. Corporate Innovation itself is a dynamic process involving corporate goal setting, state evaluation, understanding customers’ need, output of products and services and creating values for the targeted customers and themselves. Through innovation, corporations can improve their competitiveness by releasing the pains and frustrations of targeted customers more efficient and effective than the competitors.       This research based on Habitual Domains Theory and Competence Set Analysis, will get into potential domains to study the charge structures and relieving the charges and pains of the targeted customers. By studying two cases from two well known companies, we will explore how corporations gain the competitiveness by deeply getting into potential domains as to effectively get and transform their competence sets to produce needed products or service to satisfy the need of potential customers as to create value and make innovation a reality. 

Keywords:Innovation, Habitual Domains, Potential Domains, Charge Structure, Competence Set Analysis, Innovation Dynamics

摘要      

人生是一齣戲，給世人與天使觀看，關鍵情節就是重大決定。你的戲演得好嗎？看你怎麼做決定。       本文以易經之心知力觀為基礎，將決策習慣分類為二十四種，每種均可以易經之八單卦相對應，經由本文所設計的四種測驗，讀者可找出所屬的類型，並了解可能的盲點。本文同時以哈姆雷特為例，以易經之心知力觀分析故事主角的決策習慣、內心轉折及可能的決策陷阱。 

關鍵字：心知力觀、易經、決策、習慣、八單卦、卦象 

Psychoanalyze Your Habit of Decision-making

Han-Lin Li

Abstract     

Life is like a play, being watched by angels and the multitude. Key points in this play are the decisions you make. How well you act hinges on the way you make decisions.      From the basis of heart-knowledge-fulfillment theory, this study distinguishes individuals’ habit of decision-making into twenty four types, each corresponds to eight trigrams. Secondly we design four psychometrics to help the readers defined their own habit of decision-making. In the same time possible blind spots are also listed to match with eight kinds of habitual decision-making. In order to practice our research, we extend this theory into Shakespeare’s tragedy: Hamlet by analyzing Hamlet’s habitual decision-making, transition in mind and possible blind spots in decision-making. 

Keyword:heart-knowledge-fulfillment theory, I Ching, decision-making, habit, I Ching diagram, trigram